Christianity In Mrs Dalloway - 1723 Words

In her essay Modern Fiction, Virginia Woolf stated that all that the artists of the time could be certain of was that â€Å"certain gratitude’s and hostilities inspire us† (158). In order to understand what drove modernists to innovate and create their literature, scholars need to understand what these â€Å"hostilities† are. There where multiple upheavals at the beginning of the twenty first century that resulted in many people feeling disconnected and hopeless about the world they lived in. However, this essay will focus primarily on society’s deteriorating relationship with Christianity. Accordingly, this essay will demonstrate how Woolf represented this struggle in her novel Mrs Dalloway through the use of stream of consciousness.†¦show more content†¦At the turn of the century, society began according to question the authority of the church and look towards other sources of meaning. According Lewis, â€Å"the abstract intellectual forces lik e Dialectic and the earthly values like Money that seemed to him to have replaced religion.† (19). Thus it can be argued that Clarissa looks to her status as a member of the upper class rather than religion to find solace in her life. In one of his many musings on Clarissa, Peter Walsh of that perhaps â€Å"she thought there were no Gods; no one was to blame; and so she evolved this atheist’s religion of doing good for the sake of goodness.† (77). Walsh also reflects on the fact that Clarissa has endured many hardships in her life, such as the death of her sister that have influenced her perception of a Godless world. As it is with all the characters, Clarissa often gets caught in a thought spiral of despair, for example, when vesting the flower shop she ponders â€Å"the soul, never to be content quite, or quite secure, for at any moment the brute would be stirring, this hatred†(12). This demonstrates that Clarissa is struggling to come to terms with the hardships of modern life and little solace in the creed of the church that British society in the past. Instead she attempts to find comfort in her party planning, in the hops that bringing people together inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Mrs. Dalloway by Ââ€" Virginia Woolf Essay1460 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Mrs. Dalloway by Ââ€" Virginia Woolf Mrs. Dalloway, published in 1925, is a romantic drama with deep psychological approaching in to the world of urban English society in the summer of 1923, five years after the end of World War I. The book begins in the morning with the arrangements for a party Clarissa Dalloway will give and it ends late in the evening when the guests are all leaving. There are many flashbacks to tell us the past of each character, but it does not leave the range ofRead MoreMrs Dalloway1427 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Mrs. Dalloway Ââ€" Virginia Woolf Mrs. Dalloway, published in 1925, is a romantic drama with deep psychological approaching in to the world of urban English society in the summer of 1923, five years after the end of World War I. The book begins in the morning with the arrangements for a party Clarissa Dalloway will give and it ends late in the evening when the guests are all leaving. There are many flashbacks to tell us the past of each character, but it does not leave the range of thoseRead MoreThe World War I And Christ Essay986 Words   |  4 Pagesspeak the good news of the Lord he did this by telling people what the Lord can do and what he has in stored for us, so other people would understand the reality of humanity. In Arthur F. Bethea, â€Å"Septimus, the War-Shattered Christ Substitute in Mrs. Dalloway†, writes â€Å"Septimus, That life is not only what we experience around us but it goes beyond that. â€Å"Septimus perceives himself as â€Å"the Lord†........come renew society† (25),† carrying â€Å"the greatest message in world†Ã¢â‚¬  (83). â€Å"Septimus thinks that theRead MoreResisting Violence and Suffering Concealed by Corruption Essay1286 Words   |   6 Pagesthat cannot be changed, than what matters is to bear witness to the uniquely human capacity to deal with these kind of people , which is to transform a personal tragedy into joy, to turn ones predicament into a human achievement for example in Mrs. Dalloway (novel) and In the name of the father (movie) because of unfair laws corrupt judicial system and exploitation of power by government, people’s rights are violated and they are drawn into violence than their families suffer due to the isolationRead MoreAdaptations of Virginia Wolfe Essay2339 Words   |  10 Pagesa new form. The novels, The Hours, Mrs. Dalloway, and the film The Hours are three compositions that were recast by their creators in order to explore a different area from those mediums. Virginia Woolf, Michael Cunningham and Stephen Daldry all focused on the condition of depression and how it affects a woman and what that woman goes through while trying to live a life of normalcy. Cunningham and Daldry adapted their pieces from Woolfs, Mrs. Dalloway not only because it was a work by VirginiaRead MoreThe Hours - Film Analysis12007 Words   |  49 Pagesnovel (229-30), and his central intertext taken from fiction, Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway. By entitling his novel The Hours -- one of the titles Woolf considered for her novel in its early stages (Hussey 172)--he shows his indebtedness as a postmodernist writer to one of the principal texts of the modernist canon. In The Hours, all three narrative strands are in one way or the other connected to Mrs. Dalloway: the sections entitled Mrs. Woolf follow the author Virginia Woolf through a single day in 1923Read MoreThe Clash of Cultures and Races in A Passage to India2861 Words   |  12 Pagesthe novel also addresses questions of faith, in a social and religious conventions. The story begins when Two englishwomen, the young Miss Adela Quested and the elderly Mrs. Moore, travel to India. Adela expects to become engaged to Mrs. Moore’s son, Ronny, a British magistrate in the Indian city of Chandrapore. Adela and Mrs. Moore each hope to see the real India during their visit, rather than cultural institutions imported by the British. At the same time, Aziz, a young Muslim doctor in IndiaRead MorePsychological Anxieties in English Literature Essay1965 Words   |  8 Pagesrenaissance period the hero’s in Gorboduc, The Spanish tragedy, Hamlet Macbeth, if analyzed, their tragedy caused by fatal flaw in their character, similarly the hero’s in the modern novel like Ulysses, Maurice, The love song of J. Alfred Prufrock, Mrs Dalloway Portrait of a lady deals with their contemporary issues expressed through stream of consciousness their character’s suppressed and repressed physical and emotional desires. The concept of intently choosing the hero’s from different age was toRead MoreA Brief Analysis on Sexism in English5522 Words   |  23 Pages8). the captain of a ship that transport goods; 9). a famous painter who lived in the past; 10). a version of a record, tape, film/movie, etc. from which copies are made; 11). a title used when speaking to or about a boy who is too young to be calle d Mr.; 12). (in Britain) the title of the head of some schools and university colleges; 13). a title used for speaking to or about some religious teachers or leaders.5 Among the previous meanings of â€Å"master†, definition1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 7), 8), 9),Read MoreModernism in the Old Man the Sea3759 Words   |  16 Pages‘Victorian era’ – this stabilizing synthesis was rooted in the idea that reality dominates over subjective impressions. Central to this synthesis were common assumptions and institutional frames of reference, including the religious norms found in Christianity, scientific norms found in classical physics and doctrines that asserted that the depiction of external reality from an objective standpoint was not only possible but desirable. Cultural critics and historians label this set of doctrines Realism

Foreign Exchange Market Essay - 1629 Words

Foreign Exchange Market The foreign exchange market is one of the most important financial markets. It affects the relative price of goods between countries and so can affect trade. It means that it affects the price of imports and so affects a country’s price level (inflation rate). It also affects the international investment and financing decision. In this project, we will try to find why exchange rate would give many risks to a company and how a company can hedge itself. Definition of Exchange Rate The price of one currency expressed in terms of another currency is called an exchange rate. With the price it is normal to quote them as the price for one unit of the good. The price of a jacket is how much you have to pay†¦show more content†¦It shows that it fluctuates over time and the spread is from 0.6018 to 0.6738. If we consider this point, we can see how important the exchange is. For example, if the yearly international sales are $10 million US dollars and if the exporter wants to convert US dollars into AUS dollars, he/she may need to hedge for himself/herself. If the exporter can buy a forward contract in a year time at SUS/AUS=0.6138 in 1 January 1999, he/she will receive $AUS16.3 million dollars in 1 January 2000. However, if the exporter does not do anything about it, the exchange rate is SUS/AUS=0.6583 and he/she will only receive $AUS15.2 million dollars. There is a large difference between those two strategies about $AUS1.1 million dollars. Thus, we can how large the difference is. However, there are still many other effects to affect the exchange rates such as: Economic conditions Government policies Economic Conditions A country’s economic condition has a great effect on the exchange rate such as inflation rate, interest rate. From theory, it can be observed in the covered interest parity, uncovered interest parity and purchasing power parity. We all know that at a booming period, the exchange rate should appreciate that is bad to exporters and at a recession period, the exchange rate should be depreciate that is bad to importers. However, the following case is to illustrate that when the exchange is depreciating, thereShow MoreRelatedForeign Exchange Market5177 Words   |  21 Pageseuro? 2. Currently, in the spot market $1 = 106.45 Japanese yen, 1 Japanese yen = 0.00966 euro, and 1 euro = 9.0606 Mexican pesos. What is the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Mexican peso? 3. A currency trader observes the following quotes in the spot market: 122 Japanese yen = 1 U.S. dollar 2.28 Swiss francs = 1 British pound 1 British pound = 1.6542 U.S. dollars Given this information, what is the exchange rate between the Swiss franc (SF) andRead MoreIntroduction Of The Foreign Exchange Market1610 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to the Foreign Exchange Market As the leading financial market in the world, the Foreign Exchange Market consists of several types of financial institutions, such as, investors, such as, central banks, brokers, and investment firms. The Foreign Exchange Market does not have an actual physical location; it is a worldwide system of computers. Currency traders are linked together from all over the world by these computers. 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Prior to their independence Brazil became very diverse with a mixture of Indians, Europeans and Africans to work their growing labor demand. The Brazilian export experienceRead MoreIntroduction Of The Foreign Exchange Market Essay1743 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to the Foreign Exchange Market As the leading financial market in the world, the Foreign Exchange Market consists of several types of financial institutions, such as, investors, such as, central banks, brokers, and investment firms. The Foreign Exchange Market does not have an actual physical location; it is a worldwide system of computers. Currency traders are linked together from all over the world by these computers. Once currency traders enter the network, the computers allow themRead MoreFunctions Of Foreign Exchange Markets Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pagescountries enter business together there must be currency conversion, foreign exchange markets exist because there is need to move these currencies around (Murray, Ju, Gao, 2012).. Foreign exchange market is where currencies are traded (worldbank.org). Foreign exchange is a mechanism by which the currency of one country gets converted to the currency of another country (Menkhoff, Sarno, Schmeling, Schrimpf, 2016). Exchange rates are one of the indicators of that affect the economic activitiesRead MoreIntroduction Of The Foreign Exchange Market Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to the Foreign Exchange Market As the leading financial market in the world, the Foreign Exchange Market consists of several types of financial institutions, such as, investors, such as, central banks, brokers, and investment firms. 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Towards that, an attempt has been made to describe the nature of the market, identify the traders and factors, and give an idea about the size of the market and the volume of trading. 1.2 Methodology This report has been primarily based on secondary research – various publications of Bangladesh Bank and other banks, notably HSBC and Standard Chartered Bank, newspaper reports, web-sitesRead MoreForeign Exchange Market in India12734 Words   |  51 Pages| Foreign Exchange Market | Its Functions And Structure | | | | The term market has been interpreted in Economics as the place where both the buyers as well as the sellers meet and they buy and or sell goods. The foreign exchange market is a place where the transactions in foreign exchange are conducted. In practical world the external transaction requires the use of foreign purchasing power i.e. foreign currency. The foreign exchange market facilitates such transactions byRead MoreU.s. Foreign Exchange Market1550 Words   |  7 Pagestraveled to a foreign country—preferably outside the tourist traps—and spent money, you probably had to exchange your domestic money for local currency. Regardless of where you made such a trade, such as at a currency exchange kiosk when you landed at the airport, the fact that you successfully transacted two, completely distinct currencies related by an exchange rate means that you were, for the briefest of moments, a participant in the nearly $4-trillion-a-day foreign exchange market, or forex. But

Sources of Finance

Questions: Task 1 1. Identify different sources of finance to expand your business. This may include raising funds through a combination of internal and external sources of finance. 2. Assess the implications of different sources of finance and explain the legal and financial implications of your choice. 3. Evaluate suitable sources of finance for your business project and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of your financial choice. Task 2 1.Identify and analyse the cost of finance for your chosen sources. 2. Write a letter to the Manager of Fort Sports Ltd explaining the importance of financial planning and discuss why financial planning is important for the success of the organisation. 3. Evaluate the information needs of different decision makers within an organisation. 4. Explain the impact of finance on the financial statements. Discuss how different types of finance and their costs would appear in the financial statements of your business. Task 3 1. You are required to assess the viability of a project using investment appraisal techniques. Briefly explain which project would you recommend and why? (a) Net present value (NPV) (b) Payback Period (years) Task 4 1. Explain the main financial statements produced by a business. 2. Compare appropriate formats of financial statements (Income statement and balance sheet) for a Sole Trader and a Public Limited Company. 3. Calculate, compare and interpret financial statements using following ratios for the information given above for both businesses: (i) Gross Profit Margin (ii) Net profit Margin (iii) Current Ratio (iv) Quick Ratio (v) Gearing Answers: Task 1: 1. sources of finance: Fort Sports Ltd. is a small company and wanted to expand its business. It can raise its funds through both internal sources and the external sources of funds. The external sources of funds include: Short term funds: Bank overdraft through this facility, the customers of the bank, that is, the individuals or business having account in the bank can overdraw their accounts and the surplus amount would be repaid by the client within a specified period. Trade credit the business people get a grace period for repaying their loan. Debt factoring here the business can sell its bill receivables to debt factoring company at a discounted price. Long-term funds: Owners the fund invested by the shareholders can be invested for the business. Loans Loan can be taken from both bank and family. Debentures loans made to another company (Berrington and Bhandari, 2012). Mortgage this is also a loan, but the monthly payments are distributed to many years. Hire purchase or leasing monthly payment or final payment according to an agreement is also possible. The internal sources include: It includes the funds available within the organization, such as a part of the profit can be used for expansion. 2: Implications Of Various Sources: Fort Sport Limited will face several implications for several sources of finance. The company can implement the internal sources by using a proportion of the profit of the previous year. It can also implement the short-term funds like bank overdraft according to the rule of the bank, and trade credit for the range of 1 week to 90 days (Bulkowski, 2013). Among the long-term funds, the company can implement loan from banks. In case of equity finance, the ownership of the organization Fort Sport Limited will be diluted. On the other hand, in case of debt financing, the debt portion of the firm will increase along with the interest expenses. However, with the help of short-term funds, the organization can meet their working capital requirements. 3: Advantages And Disadvantages Of Sources: Bank overdraft, trade credit and bank loans are suitable sources of fund for the company. Bank overdraft: Advantage Disadvantages Security is not needed. Interest rates are higher than bank loans and variable. Amount can be adjusted according to needs. Cash flow problems may occur. Trade credit: Disadvantage No interest has to be paid. Cash discounts may not be received. Bank loans: Advantage Disadvantage It is a traditional way. Different rules and regulations may cause obstacle. It is recommended that that the organization Fort Sport Limited can opt for both short-term and long-term loans. Short-term trade credit will allow the firm to carry out their working capital cycle efficiently. In addition to this, long-term bank loans is less risky and keep the cost of capital of the firm in check for the management of the firm. The ratio of source of funds for the organization can be 50 percent- trade credit, 30 percent-bank loan and 20 percent-bank overdraft. Task 2: 1: Analysis Of Cost Of Finance: Following are the suitable source of funds for Fort Sports Ltd: Source of Finance Bank overdraft Through this facility, the customers of the bank, that is, the individuals or business having account in the bank can overdraw their accounts and the surplus amount would be repaid by the client within a specified period (Cumming, 2012). The rate of interest, the limit of the overdraft amount differs from bank to bank. Trade credit The business people get a grace period for repaying their loan. It is specially formulated for the business that deals with a supplier. The range of the grace period is between 1 week to 90 days. This range of period varies depending on the type of business and the industry in which the specified company belongs to (Shim, Siegel and Shim, 2012). Bank loans When the company receives a certain amount of money from the bank and in return the company has to pay the interest along with the principle amount is called bank loan. It is recommended that that the organization Fort Sport Limited can opt for both short-term and long-term loans. Short-term trade credit will allow the firm to carry out their working capital cycle efficiently. In addition to this, long-term bank loans is less risky and keep the cost of capital of the firm in check for the management of the firm. The ratio of source of funds for the organization can be 50 percent- trade credit, 30 percent-bank loan and 20 percent-bank overdraft. 2: Letter To A Manager: The Manager, Fort Sports Ltd. Respected Sir, The objective of the company is to grow and expand. Thus the main aim of the management is to increase the capacity of the production and to implement the various financing options appropriately. Thus financial planning is mandatory for the betterment of the firm. As without proper planning, the management could not invest the proper proportion of fund at various sectors. Therefore an estimated budget should be prepared. Please take remedial measures as early as possible for the growth of the company. Thanking You, Finance Manager, Head offices, Fort Sports Ltd. Date 27. 07. 2015 3: Needs Of Information: Information about the financial condition of the company is mandatory for the various decision makers of the organization. As the decision makers analyze the budget, annual report for the betterment of the company and also find out the ways to recover the negativities of the company (Drury, 2012). According to the availability of the information, even the share holders invest in the stock market. Thus, all types of financial information are necessary for making a plan and taking a decision. The different types of information needs can be in the form of liquidity, profitability and cost structure of the firm. If the operational costs of the organization are on the higher side, then, the organization is exposed to higher operational risk. Another form of information can be in the form of cash budget and variances budget of the organization. These are the various types of information that are required in case of decision making for the organization. 4: Impact Of Finance On Financial Statements: The different types of finance, which would appear in the financial statements of the company, are sales revenue, shareholders equity capital, issue of shares, purchase of treasury, payment of dividend, cost, expenses, borrowings, and collections of money. Firstly, sales should be mentioned in transaction as it increases the revenue in income statement. Profit is affected by sales revenue (Groppelli and Nikbakht, 2012). But sales decrease the merchandised goods in balance sheet and increase account receivable. Secondly, collection of money decreases the account receivable and increase cash. Thus capital of the company is increased. Thirdly, increases in the shareholders equity increase the total assets and equity in balance sheet. Lastly, issue of new shares would increase the interest. Task 3a: 1 (a) Cash Budget: CASH BUDGET OF BRENTWOOD STORE For 4 months, 2015 JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER Opening balance 90000 213000 206000 200000 Sales 300000 312000 370000 410000 Total Receivables (A) 390000 525000 576000 610000 Cash purchase 110000 180000 210000 250000 suppliers credit 56000 72000 86000 rent 5000 - - 5000 other expenses 42000 63000 74000 81000 Loan 20000 20000 20000 Total Payables (B) 177000 319000 376000 422000 A-B 213000 206000 200000 188000 Surplus means when the income of the company exceeds the expenditure in a specific time period. Deficit means when the expenditure of the company exceeds the income of the company in a specific time period (Horngren and Horngren, 2012). Here, according to the cash budget, the total receivables exceeds the total payables of the company, thus, it is surplus for the company for all the four months. The cash budget should always be positive, and for positive opening balance, the receivables should be higher than the payables. This positivity is the sign of healthy financial condition of the company. Several recommendation s can be given regarding their cash budget of the firm. The above cash budget reflects that cash balance was the lowest in case of August and September. Therefore, it is important for the firm BRENTWOOD STORE to minimize the cost of operations and cost of purchase by a considerable percentage. In addition to this, the organization may also curtail other variable expenses to cut down the respective costs. Task 3 b: cost analysis: 3.2 (a): i) Selling price per unit = Total sales / Number of Units = 61600/200 = 308 ii) Total profit earned = Total sales Total costs = (61600 - 44000) = 17600 3.2 (b): i) Selling price per unit = Total sales/ Number of Units = 123200/400 = 308 ii) Total Profit earned = Total sales Total costs = (123200 - 74000) = 49200 Task 3c: 3 (a) Net Present Value: NPV of Project A = [20000/(1+0.10) + 28500/(1+0.10)2 + 36000/(1+0.10)3 + 40500/(1+0.10)4 ] - 80000 = 18181.81 + 23553.71 + 27047.33 + 27662.04 = 96444.89 80000 = 16444.89 NPV of Project B = [34000/(1+0.10) + 34000/(1+0.10)2 + 34000/(1+0.10)3 + 34000/(1+0.10)4 ] - 95000 = 30909.09 + 28099.17 + 25544.70 + 23222.45 = 107775.41 95000 = 12775.41 NPV of Project C = [20000/(1+0.10) + 30000/(1+0.10)2 + 42000/(1+0.10)3 + 42000/(1+0.10)4 ] 90000 = 18181.81 + 24793.38 + 31555.22 + 28686.56 = 103216.97 90000 = 13216.97 As the Project A has the highest positive NPV value, thus Project A should be suggested. 3 (b): Payback Period: Payback period for Project A: Cash flow () Cumulative cash flow () Outflow 80000 (80000) Year 1 20000 (60000) Year 2 28500 (31500) Year 3 36000 4500 Year 4 40500 36000 Payback period (when inflow amount varies) = A + (B/C) Where, A = last period with negative cumulative cash flow B = absolute cumulative cash flow value at end of period A C = total cash flow during period after A Payback period = 2 + (31500/36000) = 2.8 years Payback period for Project B: Payback period (when cash inflows are ideal) = Initial investment/ Cash flow per period = 95000/ 34000 = 2.8 years Payback period for Project C: Cash flow () Cumulative cash flow () Outflow 90000 (90000) Year 1 20000 (70000) Year 2 30000 (40000) Year 3 42000 2000 Year 4 42000 40000 Payback period = 2 + (40000/ 42000) = 2.9 years Though both the projects A and B have the same payback period, since the positive value of NPV is greater in project A, the recommended project should be project A. Task 4: financial performance of a business: 1: Main Financial Statements Produced By Business: There are three financial statements which are commonly produced by business are as follows: Income statement: Expenses, revenues and profits are the major components of income statement. Income statement displays two matters - the revenue and the net income or loss. The key elements of income statement are sales, non operating expenses and operating expenses (Horngren, Harrison and Oliver, 2012). Balance sheet: It includes assets, liabilities and shareholders equity (O'Hare, 2012). Assets are three types current assets, fixed assets and cash and inventory. Liabilities include both short-term and long-term. Cash flow statement: It includes three types of activities operating activities, financial activities and investing activities (Peterson Drake and Fabozzi, 2012). 2: Comparison Between Financial Statements Of Sole Trader And Public Limited Company: Sole trader does not have to make a balance sheet. But it is mandatory for the public limited companies (Robinson, 2012). Sole Trade Company has to pay 50% tax, whereas, limited companies have to pay only 20% of the corporate tax. Thus limited companies have to pay lesser tax (Seal, Garrison and Noreen, 2012). 3: Ratio Analysis: i) Gross profit margin ratio = (Gross profit/ Net Sales) * 100 For Manufacturing: = (10400/ 40870) * 100 = 25.44 For Wholesale: = (12430/26540) * 100 = 46.83 The wholesale is in better position as the ratio is higher. ii) Net profit margin = (Net profit/ Net sales) * 100 For Manufacturing: = (5850/ 40870) * 100 = 14.31 For Wholesale: = (2950/ 26540) * 100 = 11.11 The manufacturing is in better position as the ratio is higher. iii) Current ratio = Current assets/ Current liabilities For Distribution: = 2510/ 1950 = 1.28 For Retail: = 5070/ 2950 = 1.71 Retail is in better position as the ratio is higher. iv) Quick ratio: = (Current assets - Inventories)/ Current liabilities For Distribution: = (2510 - 2420)/ 1950 =0.04 For Retail: = (5070 - 2370)/ 2950 = 0.91 Retail is in better position as the ratio is higher. v) Gearing ratio = Total debt/ Total Equity For Distribution: = 3950/ 6950 = 0.56 For Retail: = 6120/ 11620 = 0.52 The above ratios reflect that retail segment has a higher liquidity ratio than the segment of distribution. The working capital cycle of the firm is also effective in retail segment than in distribution segment. References Berrington, M. and Bhandari, V. (2012).Pinnacle financial statements. [Sydney]: IFRS System. Bulkowski, T. (2013).Fundamental analysis and position trading. Hoboken: WILEY. Cumming, D. (2012).The Oxford handbook of entrepreneurial finance. New York: Oxford University Press. Drury, C. (2012).Management and cost accounting. Andover: Cengage Learning. Groppelli, A. and Nikbakht, E. (2012).Finance. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Barron's. Horngren, C. and Horngren, C. (2012).Management accounting. Toronto: Pearson Canada. Horngren, C., Harrison, W. and Oliver, M. (2012).Accounting. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. O'Hare, J. (2012).Analyzing Financial Statements for Non-Specialists. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Peterson Drake, P. and Fabozzi, F. (2012).Analysis of financial statements. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Robinson, T. (2012).International financial statement analysis. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Seal, W., Garrison, R. and Noreen, E. (2012).Management accounting. London: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Shim, J., Siegel, J. and Shim, J. (2012).Financial accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill.